Deep-Sea Coral Reefs: Unveiling the Hidden Marvels Beneath the Waves
What are Deep-Sea Coral Reefs?
Offshore coral gardens are uniquely growing underwater formations that exist at a considerable water depth, this ranges from 2000ft to 3300ft below the surface of the water. They are the coral-reef structures of the deep sea, which are devoid of any sunlight and are, therefore, among the most distinct formations of the ocean’s abyss.
Mapping the Deep-Sea Reefs
Carl: Researchers have adopted new techniques of mapping the underwater world which enables them to follow the life of these secret societies. It is possible for them to come up with detailed images about the bottom of the ocean by employing elaborate methodologies. This technology has in the recent past made it possible to locate the biggest ever recorded deep sea red coral forest off the eastern United States shores.
Species of Deep-Sea Corals
Apparently, only a few corals have the capability of forming structures that are characterized as reefs in deep seas, and these are only six. Of them, Lophelia pertusa is popularly known among other similar deep sea coral shelf species. It produces vast reefs that project through the Atlantic region, a region that includes the Gulf of Mexico through to the South Atlantic Bight.
Deep-Sea vs. Shallow-Water Corals
Gardner describes the deep-sea coral as the type that thrives in the deeper part of the ocean floor, and according to them, it occupies more area in the floor of the ocean than the shallow water coral reefs. These species of coral cannot obtain sunlight and thus can fulfill the environment for photosynthetic algae, which are typical for the shallow water corals. They, however, rely on their food falling from the surface of the water or catching small plankton which is found within water bodies. This is due to the fact that their environmental conditions are unique and therefore exhibit a white color throughout the exterior of their main body.
A Comparison with Tropical Reefs
The most extensive of the seven wonders of the underwater world, Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia is 2,301 kilometers long and boasts of unmatched biodiversity. Tropical reefs are ordinarily brown and green because corals are inhabitants of algae, which in turn offer nutrients processed from sunlight to the corals.
Coral Reefs: An Underwater Ecosystem
A coral reef is essentially an underwater ecosystem comprised of coral polyps, tiny living creatures that are held together by calcium carbonate. These reefs are not just beautiful; they are crucial for marine life, providing habitat for a myriad of sea creatures including sharks, sea stars, and many types of fish.
The Perfect Conditions for Coral Reefs
Coral reefs thrive under specific conditions:
- Temperature: The ideal water temperature ranges from 23°C to 25°C. Temperatures below 20°C or above 35°C can be harmful to coral health.
- Salinity: Corals need salty water to survive, with ideal salinity levels between 27% to 40%.
- Depth: Most coral reefs are found in shallow waters, generally less than 50 meters deep. Deep-sea coral reefs are an exception to this rule.
Average Depth of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are typically found in shallow waters, generally less than 50 meters deep. However, deep-sea coral reefs are an exception, flourishing at depths ranging from 200 meters to 1,000 meters, and sometimes even deeper.
Deep-Sea Coral Reef Map
Mapping deep-sea coral reefs involves advanced technologies such as sonar, remote sensing, and underwater robots. These methods allow scientists to create detailed maps of the ocean floor, revealing the hidden locations of these underwater marvels.
How Deep are Coral Reefs Found?
Deep-sea coral reefs are generally found at depths between 200 meters and 1,000 meters, with some species thriving even deeper. Shallow-water coral reefs, in contrast, are usually found in waters less than 50 meters deep.
Coral Reef Mapping Remote Sensing
Remote sensing involves the use of satellites and aerial imagery to capture detailed images of coral reefs from above. This technology helps scientists monitor reef health, detect changes over time, and locate new reef formations.
Why are Coral Reefs Important?
Coral reefs are not only vital for the marine ecosystem but also for humans. They protect coastal areas by dampening the impact of waves, support the fishing and tourism industries, and are estimated to have a global economic value of around £6 trillion annually. Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs are home to approximately 25% of all marine species.
FAQ on Coral Reefs
1. How are coral reefs mapped?
Coral reefs are mapped using several advanced technologies:
- Remote Sensing: This method uses satellites and aerial cameras to capture images of the ocean, allowing scientists to spot reefs from above.
- Sonar Technology: Ships emit sound waves that bounce off the ocean floor and back to the surface, providing detailed contours of underwater features, including coral reefs.
- Diving Surveys: Divers or underwater robots take close-up photos and videos to collect detailed data on reef conditions and marine life.
- 3D Photogrammetry: Multiple photographs are taken from different angles to create three-dimensional models of the reefs.
2. Where are the deep-sea coral reefs?
Deep-sea coral reefs are found in colder, darker waters, usually between 200 meters and 2,000 meters deep. Some notable locations include:
- Off the coast of Norway and throughout the Arctic region.
- The Aleutian Islands near Alaska.
- The Atlantic waters near Florida and the Southeastern United States.
- Various deep-sea areas in the Mediterranean Sea.
3. What are the 4 zones of the coral reef?
Coral reefs have distinct zones, each supporting various forms of marine life:
- Reef Flat: The innermost part of the reef, often exposed during low tide, and characterized by hardy species adapted to variable conditions.
- Reef Crest: The outer edge facing the open sea, known for breaking waves and having strong, wave-resistant coral species.
- Reef Slope (Fore Reef): Beyond the crest, this area descends into deeper water and hosts a diverse array of coral species less affected by surface conditions.
- Back Reef (Reef Lagoon): Located between the reef flat and the shore, this area is protected and typically shallower, often containing seagrass beds and smaller coral patches.